三角函数

三角函数,神奇的函数

目录

  • TOC {:toc}

什么是三角函数#

三角函数#

三角函数单位圆

在单位圆中,用三角形的三条边的比例来定义三角函数的各各关系。

正弦余弦正切余切正割余割
$$\sin \theta = y$$$$\cos \theta = x$$$$\tan \theta = \frac{y}{x}$$$$\cot \theta = \frac{x}{y}$$$$\sec \theta = \frac{1}{x}$$$$\csc \theta = \frac{1}{y}$$

反三角函数#

反三角函数是三角函数的逆函数

反三角函数三角函数定义域值域
$$y = \arcsin(x)$$$$x = \sin(y)$$$$-1 \leq x \leq 1$$$$-\frac{\pi}{2} \leq y \leq \frac{\pi}{2}$$
$$y = \arccos(x)$$$$x = \cos(y)$$$$-1 \leq x \leq 1$$$$0 \leq y \leq \pi$$
$$y = \arctan(x)$$$$x = \tan(y)$$$$-\infty < x < +\infty$$$$-\frac{\pi}{2} < y < \frac{\pi}{2}$$
$$y = \text{arccot}(x)$$$$x = \cot(y)$$$$-\infty < x < +\infty$$$$0 < y < \pi$$
$$y = \text{arcsec}(x)$$$$x = \sec(y)$$$$x \leq -1 \text{ or } 1 \leq x$$$$0 \leq y < \frac{\pi}{2} \text{ or } \frac{\pi}{2} < y \leq \pi$$
$$y = \text{arccsc}(x)$$$$x = \csc(y)$$$$x \leq -1 \text{ or } 1 \leq x$$$$-\frac{\pi}{2} \leq y < 0 \text{ or } 0 < y \leq \frac{\pi}{2}$$

什么是三角公式表#

平方和公式#

$$ \begin{equation}\sin^2x+\cos^2x=1\end{equation} $$$$ \begin{equation}1+\tan^2x=sec^2x\end{equation} $$$$ \begin{equation}1+\cot^2x=csc^2x\end{equation} $$

和角公式#

$$ \begin{equation} \sin(\alpha + \beta) = \sin(\alpha)\cos(\beta) + \cos(\alpha)\sin(\beta) \end{equation} $$$$ \begin{equation} \cos(\alpha + \beta) = \cos(\alpha)\cos(\beta) - \sin(\alpha)\sin(\beta) \end{equation} $$$$ \begin{equation} \tan(\alpha + \beta) = \frac{\tan(\alpha) + \tan(\beta)}{1 - \tan(\alpha)\tan(\beta)} \end{equation} $$

差角公式#

$$ \begin{equation} \sin(\alpha - \beta) = \sin(\alpha)\cos(\beta) - \cos(\alpha)\sin(\beta) \end{equation} $$$$ \begin{equation} \cos(\alpha - \beta) = \cos(\alpha)\cos(\beta) + \sin(\alpha)\sin(\beta) \end{equation} $$$$ \begin{equation} \tan(\alpha - \beta) = \frac{\tan(\alpha) - \tan(\beta)}{1 + \tan(\alpha)\tan(\beta)} \end{equation} $$

和差化积公式#

$$ \begin{equation} \sin(\alpha) + \sin(\beta) = 2\sin\left(\frac{\alpha + \beta}{2}\right)\cos\left(\frac{\alpha - \beta}{2}\right) \end{equation} $$$$ \begin{equation} \sin(\alpha) - \sin(\beta) = 2\cos\left(\frac{\alpha + \beta}{2}\right)\sin\left(\frac{\alpha - \beta}{2}\right) \end{equation} $$$$ \begin{equation} \cos(\alpha) + \cos(\beta) = 2\cos\left(\frac{\alpha + \beta}{2}\right)\cos\left(\frac{\alpha - \beta}{2}\right) \end{equation} $$$$ \begin{equation} \cos(\alpha) - \cos(\beta) = -2\sin\left(\frac{\alpha + \beta}{2}\right)\sin\left(\frac{\alpha - \beta}{2}\right) \end{equation} $$

诱导公式#

奇变偶不变,符号看象限